| 1. |
Removal of material due to entrained sediment, ice, or debris rubbing against the boundary is defined as: |
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Aggradation |
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Abrasion |
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Apron |
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Material excavation |
| 2. |
Velocity at a given cross section determined by dividing discharge by: |
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Time |
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Speed |
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Cross sectional area |
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Viscosity |
| 3. |
Full flow in a culvert barrel is rare. |
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True |
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False |
| 4. |
Anchorage of the ends of long span culverts is required to prevent flotation or damage due to high velocities at the: |
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Top |
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Bottom |
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Inlet |
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Outlet |
| 5. |
The hydraulic condition in a culvert flowing full is called: |
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Viscosity |
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Hydraulic status |
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Inflow |
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Pressure flow |
| 6. |
If the cross-sectional area of the culvert in pressure flow were increased, the flow area would: |
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Shrink |
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Expand |
| 7. |
Free surface flow or open channel flow may be categorized as: |
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Subcritical |
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Critical |
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Supercritical |
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All of the above |
| 8. |
_____________ is required to force flow through a culvert. |
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Heat |
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Pressure |
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Energy |
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Force |
| 9. |
The picture above is: |
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Submerged |
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Unsubmerged |
| 10. |
Tailwater is the depth of water downstream of the culvert measured from the outlet invert. |
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True |
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False |
| 11. |
Since a culvert often constricts the available channel area, flow velocities in the culvert may be ________ than in the channel. |
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Lower |
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Higher |
| 12. |
A performance curve is a plot of headwater depth or elevation versus: |
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Time |
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Viscosity |
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Flow rate |
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Strain |
| 13. |
The hydraulic design of a culvert installation requires the evaluation of a large amount of data, such as: |
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culvert location |
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waterway data |
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roadway data |
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All of the above |
| 14. |
Stream cross sectional data acquired from a field survey at the site are highly desirable to supplement available topographic mapping. Ideally, a minimum of _________ cross sections should be taken, one upstream and one downstream. |
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One |
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Two |
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Three |
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Ten |
| 15. |
The allowable headwater is the maximum possible headwater, or ponding depth, at which side of the culvert? |
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Upstream |
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Downstream |
| 16. |
A slip liner is essentially a smaller-size conduit that is slipped inside a host pipe with the annulus between the two conduits typically grouted. The pipe used for slip lining may be a continuous length, or may be segmental. Slip lining is common in: |
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Oval pipes |
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Round pipes |
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Symmetrical pipes |
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Square pipes |
| 17. |
In outlet control, the hydraulic resistance of the culvert barrel must be calculated using a __________ loss equation. |
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Friction |
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Head |
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Pressure |
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None of the above |
| 18. |
The hydraulic radius is the cross-sectional area of a stream divided by: |
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The pressure |
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The wetted perimeter |
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The flow |
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The depth |
| 19. |
That portion of a streambank having an elevation less than the mean water level of the stream is the: |
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Non alluvial channel |
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Meandering stream |
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Lower bank |
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Upper bank |
| 20. |
Force or drag developed at the channel bed by flowing water is the: |
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Unit shear force |
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Unit strain |
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Velocity |
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Channel head |
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